FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS AND MACHINERY

Module Physics

1 – Introduction

State of a physical system and physically significant quantities; Fundamental and derived units of measurement; Dimensional equations; Notes on statistics and error theory.

2 - Vector calculus

Reference systems and coordinate system; Vectors as geometric entities; Vectors in physics and their use in two-dimensional and three-dimensional physical space; Vector quantities and scalar quantities; Vectors in the plane and their decomposition into components; Versors; Sum between vectors; Scalar product and vector product between vectors; Multiplication of a scalar by a vector; Applications.

3 – Mechanics

Description of the motion of a body - Reference systems - Principle of inertia - Second law of dynamics - Third law of dynamics - Conservation of momentum - Force fields - Work of a force - Kinetic energy theorem - Conservative fields - Potential - Conservation of mechanical energy - Moment of forces - Conservation of angular momentum.

4 - Fluidomechanics

Properties of fluids - Fluid statics: Pascal, Stevin and Archimedes laws - Ideal fluids and Bernoulli's theorem - Laminar motion of a viscous fluid: Poiseuille's law - Turbulent flow - Sedimentation - Surface phenomena: Laplace's law and capillarity phenomena.

5 - Electromagnetic phenomena

Electric charges and Coulomb's law; Electric fields and sources of the electric field; Gauss's law; Electric potential and potential energy; Capacitance and capacitors; Current and Ohm's laws; Magnetic fields and sources; Magnetic fields varying in time; Introduction to Maxwell's laws; Electromagnetic waves and properties; Applications.

6 - Wave phenomena

Free mechanical oscillations - Energy of a harmonic oscillator - Progressive harmonic waves - Longitudinal and transverse waves - Plane waves and spherical waves - Monochromatic waves - Fourier analysis - Doppler effect - Huygens' principle - Sound and its characteristics - Physics of the ear - Ultrasound.

7- Elements of optics

Reflection and refraction - Snell's law - Approximation of geometric optics - Spherical diopter - Thin lenses - Geometric construction of images - Microscope - Physical optics - Coherent sources - Interference - Diffraction - Diffraction grating - Resolving power of an optical instrument - Polarization.